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In other words, it is a gamble. .

The difficulty level of the most recent block at the time of writing is about 7,184,404,942,701. In other words, the chance of a computer producing a hash beneath the goal is just 1 in 7,184,404,942,701 less than 1 in 7 trillion. That amount is corrected every 2016 cubes, or roughly every 2 weeks, with the aim of keeping rates of mining constant.

The reverse is also true. If computational power has been taken from the network, the problem adjusts downward to earn mining easier. .

"Say I tell three friends I'm thinking about a number between 1 and 100, and that I write that number on a sheet of paper and seal it in an envelope. My friends don't need to guess the exact number, they simply have to be the very first person to figure any number that's less than or equal to this number I'm thinking of.

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"Let's say I'm thinking of the number 19. If Friend A guesses 21, they lose because 21>19. If Friend B guesses 16 and Friend C guesses 12, then they've both technically came at workable answers, because 16<19 and 12<19. There is no'extra credit' for Friend B, even though B's answer was nearer to the target answer of 19. .

"Now imagine that I present the'imagine what number I am thinking of' question, but I'm not asking just 3 friends, and I'm not thinking of a number between 1 and 100. Instead, I am asking millions of prospective miners and I am thinking about a 64-digit hexadecimal number. Now you see that it is going to be extremely difficult to guess the ideal answer." .

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If 1 in 7 trillion doesn't sound difficult enough as is, here is the grab to the catch. Not only do bitcoin miners need to think of the ideal hash, but they also have to be the first to do it.

Since bitcoin mining is essentially guesswork, arriving at the ideal answer before another miner has almost everything to do with how fast your computer can create hashes. Just a decade ago, bitcoin miners can be carried out competitively on normal desktops. Over time, however, miners realized that pictures cards commonly used for video games were more capable of mining than desktops and graphics processing units (GPU) came to dominate the match.

These can run from $500 into the tens of thousands. .

Nowadays, bitcoin mining is so aggressive that it can only be done profitably using all the most up-to-date ASICs. When using desktop computers, GPUs, or elderly models of ASICs, the expense of energy consumption actually exceeds the revenue generated. Even with the newest unit available, one pc is rarely enough to compete with what what miners call"mining pools" .

A mining pool is a group of miners that combine their computing power and divide the mined bitcoin between participants. A disproportionately large number of blocks are mined by pools rather than by individual miners. In July 2017, mining pools and companies represented approximately 80% to 90 percent of bitcoin computing power. .

Between 1 in 7 trillion odds, scaling difficulty levels, and also the massive network of consumers verifying transactions, one block of transactions is confirmed roughly every 10 minutes. But its important to keep in mind that 10 minutes is a target, not a rule.

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The bitcoin network can process about seven transactions per second, with transactions being logged in the blockchain each 10 minutes. As the network of bitcoin consumers continues to grow, however, the number of transactions made in 10 minutes will eventually exceed the number of transactions that can be processed in 10 minutes.

This dilemma at the heart of the bitcoin protocol is known as scaling. While bitcoin miners generally agree that something has to be done to deal with scaling, there is less consensus regarding how do it. At the time of writing, there are two big solutions to the scaling problem, either (1) to lower the amount of information needed to confirm each block or (2) to increase the number of transactions that each block can save.

Solution 2 would cope with scaling by allowing for more information to be processed each 10 minutes. .

In July 2017, bitcoin miners and mining companies representing roughly 80% to 90% of the networks computing electricity required to incorporate a program that will decrease the amount of information needed to verify each block. In other words, they went with Solution 1.

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The program that miners voted to increase the bitcoin protocol is called a segregated witness, or SegWit. This expression is an amalgamation of Segregated, meaning to like this different, and Witness, which refers to signatures on a bitcoin transaction. Segregated Witness, then, means to separate transaction signatures out of a block and join them as an extended block.